韩国现代土地私法史

The History of Private Land Law in the Republic of Korea

本研究以私法的观点,运用历史方法,着重讨论现代韩国的土地法问题。特别是以韩国民法上土地所有权为中心,讨论了为有效利用土地而制定的私法。土地具有受其所处地域拘束的性质,因此,各国都有其不同的土地法。韩国因其领土狭小,为了有效利用土地,制定了诸多以限制所有权为目的的法律。然而,如果过度规制甚至限制土地交易或者所有权,将导致经济上的问题,因此针对交易的限制和扶持政策常常交替产生。韩国创制了诸多与土地所有权相关的法律制度和法理。就当下的所有权而言,认为其限制、内在于所有权概念之中。韩国根据特别法以及民法解释,对土地所有权作出了诸多限制。根据此类限制,发展了流动的无效理论和名义信托理论、信托所有权、开发权、景观利益等不同的法理。至今韩国都在根据这些法理,探索扩大土地利用权能的最大化方案。

This study has undertaken a historical review of the modern Korean land from a judicial perspective.In particular,the review focused on the private laws enacted for the efficient use of land,centered around land ownership under the Korean civil law.Given the nature of being bound by circumstances in which land is located,each country has different land laws.Korea has enacted many laws restricting ownership primarily for the efficient use of land given its narrow territories.However,over regulation or restriction of land transaction or ownership could lead to economic issues,so restrictions on the transaction and stimulus policies are always crossing each other as a matter of reality.In Korea,various legal systems and laws have been created in connection with land ownership.In particular,the restrictions are inherent in ownership today.Korea’s land ownership rights are subjected to various restrictions by the interpretation of special laws or civil law.Such restrictions have brought about the development of various legal principles such as the theory of fluid nullity,theory of title trust,trust ownership,development right,and landscape interest,etc.Even today,such legal principles are seeking ways to maximize the power of land use.