土地利用景观格局空间尺度效应研究——以武汉市为例

Research on spatial scale effect of landscape pattern of land use in Wuhan City

城市土地利用景观格局研究对城市规划设计和土地资源管理具有重要的理论价值和现实意义,而研究尺度的选择是其必不可少的部分。本文基于景观生态学方法,以武汉市为研究区域,选取聚集分散指数、斑块类型指数、形状指数三种类型指数对土地利用景观格局进行分析,同时引入层次分析法,研究武汉市土地利用景观格局的空间尺度效应及其响应特征,结果表明武汉市土地利用景观格局具有明显的空间尺度效应,随着空间尺度的增大,景观破碎程度增大,景观分布越来越分散,景观异质性减小,斑块之间连接度越来越弱。在此基础上,建立最佳尺度选择模型,并基于分型理论对最佳尺度的合理性进行验证,最终得出武汉市土地利用景观格局研究的最佳空间尺度为60 m。

The study of landscape pattern of urban land use has theoretical value and practical significance in urban planning and management of land resource,the choice of research scale is an indispensable part.We take Wuhan as the study area and analyze the landscape pattern of land use with indices from three different types(index of aggregation and dispersion,index of plaque type and index of shape).Then we discuss the scale effect and response characteristics of the land use pattern.The results show that as the spatial scale increases,the degree of landscape fragmentation increases,the distribution of landscape became more dispersed,the landscape heterogeneity decreased,and the connectivity between patches become weaker and weaker.On this foundation,we develop the model of optimal scale selection to select the optimal scale in land use pattern research,and check the rationality based on fractal theory.Consequently we come to the conclusion that the optimal scale of the landscape pattern of land use in Wuhan is 60 m.