我国公共服务质量及影响因素分析——基于因子聚类和固定效应模型的实证研究

Analysis of Public Service Quality and Influencing Factors in China——An Empirical Study Based on Factor Clustering and Fixed Effects Model

“十四五”规划中指出到2035年我国基本公共服务实现均等化,为缩小省际基本公共服务质量的差距,本文通过因子聚类分析识别我国省际公共服务质量差异,并为公共服务划分维度,基于此,运用固定效应模型进行实证研究。研究发现:(1)我国基本公共服务质量在省际间存在较大差异,并根据因子聚类分析将31个省划分为4类;(2)城镇化率、人均GDP、人均教育财政支出、增值税收入对我国整体公共服务质量影响较显著。据此,从区域均衡发展、财政支出平衡、医疗服务体制和城镇化建设等维度提出政策建议。

In order to narrow the gap between provinces in terms of the quality of basic public services,this paper identifies the differences in the quality of public services between provinces in China through factor clustering analysis,and classifies the dimensions of public services,based on which an empirical study is conducted using a fixed-effects model.It is found that:(1)there are large inter-provincial differences in the quality of basic public services in China,and 31 provinces are divided into four categories based on factor cluster analysis;(2)the urbanization rate,GDP per capita,financial expenditure on education per capita and VAT income have a significant impact on the overall quality of public services in China.Accordingly,policy recommendations are proposed in the dimensions of balanced regional development,fiscal expenditure balance,medical service system and urbanization construction.