国家标准在中国制造业产业聚集中的作用

The Role of Chinese Standards in the Agglomeration of Manufacturing Industry

理论认为,标准可以通过兼容性特征、品种简化功能及加速知识传播机制促进企业在空间上聚集,但缺乏有力的实证证据支持。鉴于此,基于中国14个制造业行业2005~2016年的面板数据,对标准和标准化对产业聚集的影响及其非线性特征进行了实证检验,并分析不同要素密集型行业中标准化对聚集影响的异质性。研究发现,制造业标准化与产业聚集呈倒U型关系,表明就促进产业聚集而言,标准化存在某种最优的发展水平。从不同要素密集型行业来看:技术创新密集型行业标准化对产业聚集有显著的负效应,标准化达到某一水平后,其负效应增大;劳动密集型和资源依赖型行业中,标准化与产业聚集均呈正U型关系;资本密集型标准化对聚集的正向影响占主导地位。从不同类型标准对聚集的影响来看,国家标准和行业标准对产业聚集均有显著的负向影响,而地方标准表现相反。

Theoretically,standards can promote enterprises to gather in space through compatibility,variety simplification and accelerating knowledge dissemination.However,this view has not been supported by strong empirical evidence.Based on the panel data of 14 manufacturing industries in China from 2005 to 2016,the influence of standardization on industrial agglomeration and its nonlinear characteristics is empirically tested,and the differences in the performance of standardization in different factor-intensive industries are analyzed.The results indicate that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between manufacturing standardization and agglomeration,that is,the higher standardization,the better,but there is heterogeneity in different types of industries and different types of standards.From the perspective of different factorintensive industries:in technology-intensive industries,the increase in standardization has a significant negative effect on agglomeration,after standardization reaches a certain level,its negative effect increases;in labor-intensive and resourcedependent industries,there is a positive U-shaped relationship between standardization and aggregation.That is,in the initial stage,standardization cannot attract industrial agglomeration.When standardization is raised to a certain level,agglomeration can be promoted;in capital-intensive industries,standardization has the positive impact on aggregation dominates.From the perspective of different types of standards,both national standards and industry standards have a significant negative impact on industrial agglomeration,while local standards perform the opposite.