也论“从‘修身’到‘工夫’”:儒家“修身”传统发展动力之探因——陈立胜“修身时代论”述评

On the Transition from“Self-cultivation”to“Gong-fu”:An Exploration of the Internal Causes of the Development of the Confucian Tradition of“Self-cultivation”

陈立胜教授在新著《从“修身”到“工夫”:儒家“内圣学”的开显与转折》中提出,中国哲学内部存在一个“从‘修身’到‘工夫’”的转向。而这一命题的成立奠基在以下两个问题的回答上:一、“修身”转向“工夫”表现出何种内在差异;二、内在差异中是否存在不曾断裂的儒家传统。本文在简述陈立胜教授所提出的“修身时代论”与“从‘修身’到‘工夫’”命题的基础上,就“修身”传统反映的儒家的核心问题意识和儒家修身传统发展的“断”与“连”做出新探讨。本文认为,从“超越”与“合一”的角度看,儒家“修身”传统的发展是在不断面对身心距离、心性距离的问题,其不变的动因就是那觉醒了“仁(体)”的“心”如何在任何客观情况下都恰当且不间断地表现出“仁”。

In his new book From“Self-cultivation”to“Gong-fu”,Professor Chen Lisheng proposed that there is a turn from“Self-cultivation”to“Gong-fu”in the tradition of Chinese philosophy.The validity of this proposition is based on the answers to the following two questions:First,the internal differences from“Self-cultivation”to“Gong-fu”;Second,whether there is an unbroken Confucian tradition in the internal differences.On the basis of defending the proposition of from“Self-cultivation”to“Gong-fu”,this paper attempts to ask Professor Chen Lisheng for advice on“Self-cultivation”indicating the core problem consciousness of Confucianism,and on the“Break”and“Connection”of the development of Confucian self-cultivation tradition.This paper holds that from the perspective of“Transcendence”and“Unity”,the development of the Confucian tradition of“Self-cultivation”is constantly facing the problems of the Distance of physical and mental,or of nature and mind.Its constant motivation is that the“heart-mind”that awakens the“benevolence(as Entity)”shows“benevolence”appropriately and continuously under any objective circumstances.