对《华严原人论》论衡儒道的再思

Rethinking the Criticism of Confucianism and Taoism in“Treatise on the Origin of Humanity”

宗密撰写《华严原人论》作为中国哲学史上的重大事件,不仅奠定佛教在后世论衡三教关系的基本框架,也启示了中国哲学的理论转向。通过聚焦宗密论衡儒道的内容,可以看到其对儒道“原人观”的批判既有局限性,主要体现为对儒道“原人观”的“曲解”,亦有启发性,主要体现为对中国哲学所忽视之“知”的问题强调以及由此隐含的对中国哲学理论明晰性和严密性的质疑。两重性质相互交织,形成对中国哲学的激烈挑战,而中国哲学自身亦在应对挑战中,重新展开以人之存在以及天人关系为核心的自我反思,在化解和超越宗密批判的同时实现儒学本根精神的重建与深化。

The birth of“Treatise on the Origin of Humanity”written by Tsung-mi is an important event in the history of Chinese Philosophy,which not only establishes the basic framework for Buddhism to discuss the relationship among the three religions,Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,but also starts the theoretical turn of Chinese Philosophy.By focusing on the content of Tsung-mi's theory of valuing Confucianism and Taoism,we can see that“distortion”and enlightenment coexist in his criticism towards Confucianism and Taoism's“view of origin of humanity”.Among them,the misinterpretation is mainly reflected in the one-sided understanding of Confucianism and Taoism's“view of origin of humanity”,and the enlightenment is mainly reflected in his emphasis on the“cognition”problem ignored by Chinese philosophers before,and the implicit doubts about the clarity and rigor of Chinese philosophy.The dual natures are intertwined to form a fierce challenge to Chinese Philosophy.Faced with the challenge of Tsung-mi’criticism,the Neo-Confucianists of Song and Ming Dynasties chose to renew self-reflection centered on the existence of man and the relationship between the heaven and man,which leads to the way of reconstruction and deepening of the root spirit of Confucianism.