名、实与中国古典思想中本质主义名学的产生

Names,Actualities,and the Emergence of Essentialist Theories of Naming in Classical Chinese Though

本文展现了关于名实关系的讨论从唯名论名学到本质主义名学的转变。后期墨家与荀子的名学是唯名论的名学,他们认为名与实之间的关系是由人制定的,并不存在天然正确的对应关系。公元前三世纪末至公元前二世纪产生了以《管子》与董仲舒为代表的本质主义名学,本质主义的观点是,名与实之间的对应关系是由“天”或“自然”决定的。由于原文缺少摘要与关键词,摘要与关键词由译者补充撰写。

This essay shows the shift of the discussion on the ming-shi relationship from nominalism to essentialism.The Neo-Mohist Summa and Xun Zi's doctrine of names is based on nominalist principles.They believe that the relationship between name and reality is made by the human being,and there is no natural and correct correspondence.From late third-and second-century B.C.,the essentialist nominalism represented by Guan Zi and Dong Zhongshu emerged.The essentialist view is that the correspondence between name and reality is ordained by Heaven(“tian”)or by what is“naturally so”/“so of itself”(zi ran).