《乐记》“礼乐之说”章“设——说”辨讹

Discussion on"shè"(设)and"shuō"(说)in the Chapter"礼乐之说"of Yue Ji

《乐记》“礼乐之说”非“礼乐之悦(释/怿)”,非“礼乐之说(言/谈)”,更非“礼乐之脱”等,此于《乐记》章句的文义及语法不通。据《乐记》上下文及《荀子·乐论》对应的“礼乐之统”等,可确凿推定《礼记·乐记》、《史记·乐书》“礼乐之说”的“说”字实乃“设”字之讹(設→說)。《周易》“先张之弧,后说之弧”句,古人即屡云“说与设通”,设说二字形近而讹也。“礼乐之设,管乎人情”系《乐记》论礼乐之总纲,唐张守节注《史记·乐书》说“为《乐记》通天地,贯人情,辩政治”极是。“礼乐之设”即“礼乐之施”、“礼乐之立”等义,“礼乐之设,管乎人情”就是立礼乐、置礼乐以主掌人情之义,此与《荀子·乐论》“礼乐之统,管乎人情”同。古人不仅明说“礼乐之统”,也明说“礼乐之设”,如唐孔颖达疏《乐记》、元翟思忠《魏郑公谏续录》、明郑纪《东园文集》、清罗有高《尊闻居士集》等。

说(shuō)in“礼乐之说”in Yue Ji should not be interpreted as"悦"(yuè,enjoyment),or"说"(shuō,theory),or脱(tuō,taking off),which are all inconsistent with the literary meaning and the lexicology of Yue Ji.Based on the context and the"the Rule of Rites and Music"from Xunzi’s Yue Lun,it can be inferred that说(shuō)in“礼乐之说”should be interpreted as"设"(shè,Establishment).It was popular among ancient Chinese scholars that"说"(shuō,theory)is the equal to"设"(shè,Establishment).Therefore,"设"(shè,Establishment)was misinformed into"说"(shuō)."The establishment of Rites and Music governs human feelings and hospitality"is from Yue Ji."Establishment of Rites and Music"is equivalent for“Enforcement of Rites and Music”and"Forming of Rites and Music"."The establishment of Rites and Music governs human feelings and hospitality"echoes with the"The rule of Rites and Music governs human feelings and hospitality"from Xunzi’s Yue Lun."The Rule of Rites and Music"and"the Establishment of Rites and Music"were both used openly by ancient scholars like Kong Yingdaof Tang Dynasty,Zhai Sizhong from Yuan Dynasty,Zheng Ji from Ming Dynasty,Luo Yougao from Qing Dynasty.