联导论证的结构图解——基于过程的视角

The Diagram of Conductive Argument:A Process Approach

联导论证自1971年被明确提出以来,在逻辑学界已受到广泛的讨论和研究。但与此同时,围绕其构成要素、结构图解等内容的意见分歧也较大。本文在批判性考察已有研究的基础之上,发现已有的联导论证结构图解均从产品的进路切入,即把论证理解为前提—结论式的命题序列,而并未考察该类论证中结论得出的具体过程。故本文尝试在对话的语境下重构联导论证,并以过程图的方式来刻画其结构,进而将语用因素引入论证研究之中。这种过程的进路不仅能够准确摹写日常生活中联导论证的实践,同时也对论证实践具有一定的规范作用。此外,基于过程进路的联导论证的结构研究方法也可适用于其他类型的论证。

Conductive argument,which was first proposed explicitly in 1971,has been widely studied so far.Even though a great deal of research could be found about conductive arguments,views vary in many aspects,such as the way to understand its components,and the methods to diagram its argument structure,and so on.Former research that focuses on structure diagramming has taken a product view of argument,which regards argument as a sequence of premises,and has ignored the actual process of how to get the conclusion.Considering the above situations,this article endeavors to reconstruct conductive arguments into a situational dialogue,and then diagram its structure in a definitely different way called the process-approach,which brings practical factors into the argument research.This process approach not only can describe the practice of conductive argument,but also plays a normative role.Besides,the diagram based on process is applicable to describing the structures of other types of argument.