《民法典》时代“家产制”的反思

Reflection on"the System of Family Property"in the Era of the Civil Code

《中华人民共和国民法典》为反思作为对现行家庭财产制度之批评的“家产制”提供了一个重要契机。首先,历史上的“同居共财”应被理解为一种强制性的家庭成员间的经济关系,因而一个统一的“家产”之法律概念是可行且有意义的,但考虑到古代家的公法意义,将之理解为家父所有更具解释力。其次,在现代社会,不仅由于婚姻观念和家庭经济模式变化,“家产”的概念功能已经退却,还因为离婚和分家实践的不同,需要从个人财产制度角度进行制度建构以处理相关问题。最后,现行法虽未采纳“家产制”,但因有一些其他制度安排,仍能成功地维护家及其社会价值。

The Civil Code of PRC provides an important chance to reflect"the System of Family Property",which has been advanced to criticize the current the System of Marriage and Family Property.First,the historical"Common Living"should be seen as a certain kind of enforced economic relationships between family members,where it is possible and applicable to construct the uniform legal concept of"Family Property".However,under the consideration of its meaning under public law,it’s more convincing to interpret the old family as Paternal Ownership.Second,in modern society,because of changes of the marriage views and family economic models,the function of the concept of"Family Property"has being degraded,and thus we need to construct the whole family property institution based upon the personal property system in order to deal with all kinds of problems rising from breaking up of both the marriage and the family.Third,although the current legal system does not adapt"the System of Family Property",by the implement of some institutions it still successfully maintain the family and its social values.