论行政自动化算法决策的正当程序控制

On the Due Process Control of Administrative Auto Algorithmic Decision-making

在人工智能时代,算法自动化决策广泛介入行行政治理领域,并促发了行政治理的智能转型。在行政治理实践中,相较于人类决策而言,算法决策具有自动性、模糊性和系统性特征。目前,一些行政机构运用的行政自动化算法决策的上述特征给公民的隐私权、平等权和正当程序权利等基本权利造成严重威胁和侵害。为了避免行政治理领域算法权力的异化,需要建立面向行政自动化算法决策的正当程序装置。依据算法决策多阶构造,建立以被遗忘权、算法决策知情权、反对权以及算法解释权等四维权利体系为主要内容的技术性正当程序装置的合理架构设计,尽可能地保证算法决策的透明性和可责性,真正发挥算法自动决策在促进行政效率和行政公平中的重要作用。

In the Age of artificial intelligence,algorithmic decision-making is widely involved in the field of administrative governance,and promotes the intelligent transformation of administrative governance.In the practice of administrative governance,compared with human decision-making,algorithm decision-making has the characteristics of automaticity,fuzziness and systematicness.At present,the above characteristics of administrative automation algorithms used by some administrative agencies pose a serious threat and infringement on basic human rights such as privacy,equality and due process rights.In order to avoid the alienation of algorithmic power in the field of administrative governance,it is necessary to establish a due process device for administrative automatic algorithm decision-making.According to the multi-level structure of algorithmic decision-making,a reasonable framework of technical due process device with four-dimensional right system,such as the right to be forgotten,the right to know,the right to oppose and the right to explain should be established.In this way,the transparency and accountability of algorithmic decisionmaking are guaranteed as much as possible,and the important role of automatic algorithmic decision-making in promoting administrative efficiency and administrative fairness is really brought into play.