专利、实用新型、外观设计三法分立问题研究

Research on the Trisection of the Patent Law of China into Invention Law,Utility Model Law and Design Law

我国《专利法》体系结构的特点之一,是将发明专利、实用新型专利和外观设计专利三种专利权客体同时规定在一部法律文本之中,并将三种发明创造均称为"专利"。这一特点正在遭到质疑和诟病,由此产生了主张将《专利法》进行"三法分立"的主张。《专利法》的体系结构调整,应建立在尊重立法历史和法律稳定性的基础上,通过研究法律体系"分"与"合"的内在规律,结合我国民法典编纂和知识产权法体系化的整体趋势,从内生性动因和外生性动因两方面分析《专利法》"三法分立"的必要性与合理性,不应简单地将"分"与"合"的关系割裂开来,片面追求"三法分立"。《专利法》"三法分立"作为解决专利制度弊病的可能手段,也并不具备充足的合理性与可行性。应当以专利法的体系化为目标,综合运用"分"与"合"的技术,在"统分结合"的路线指导之下,实现《专利法》体系结构和内容的优化。

One of the characteristics of the structure of the Patent Law of China is that invention patents,utility model patents and design patents are simultaneously regulated in one legal text and are all called"patent".This feature is being questioned and criticized.Some views suggest that the current Patent Law should be divided into patent law,utility model law and design law,which is also known as the"Trisection"of the Patent Law.The systematic optimization of the Patent Law should be based on respecting the history of legislation and the stability of the law,understanding the rules of the"seperation"and"combination"of the legal system,taking the trend of the compilation of our national code into consideration and analyzing the necessity and rationality of the"Trisection"of the Patent Law from the angle of endogenous motivation and exogenous motivation.As a possible means to solve the defects of the current Patent Law,the"Trisection"does not have sufficient rationality and feasibility.Aiming at the systemaltization of the Patent Law,the technic of"seperation"and"combination"should be integrated in the refinement of the structure of the Patent Law with the guidence of the incorporation of this two technics.