中国民商法典编纂中对物权制度的修正整合与创新完善——附《中华人民共和国民商法典物权编草案建议稿(黄河版)》

Revision,Integration,Innovation and Perfection of Real Right System in the Compilation of Chinese Civil and Commercial Code:Attached the Proposal Draft of Real Right Part(Yellow River Edition)of the Civil and Commercial Law Code of the People’s Republic of China

为完成"加强市场法律制度建设,编纂民法典"的伟大任务,将作为民法典首编的《民法总则》已经通过,各分编编纂正在进行。从公布的各分编草案看,由物权、合同、人格权、婚姻家庭、继承和侵权责任组成。但从民法典的内在逻辑和形式体系上观之,法典由通则、人身权、物权、知识产权、债与继承构成当更为科学合理、严谨周密和具中国时代特色与民族气派。民商权利中,人身权之后当为物权。然物权编分歧与需修正者,为物权内容体系。本文遵循十九大对新时代社会主要矛盾之论断,追求社会平衡发展与人民美好生活之需,诚守物权为人对物之支配特质,将中国市场经济社会生活中民商事主体对物进行支配的客观现实关系,按其权能特性分别归属自物权和他物权,并从所有权权能与所有权分离的角度,将他物权依次区分为控占权、占用权、用益权和经营权四种基本类型,对相关传统理论进行修整,并创建具有中国科学特色的物权法治理论与学术话语体系,使其更切社会实际地为民商主体提供更为系统的行为规范,亦为司法提供更为简明的裁判规则。且继续知行合一,凝成草案法条。所附《中华人民共和国民商法典物权编草案建议稿(黄河版)》的目次为总则、所有权(自物权)、所有权取得、控占权、占用权、用益权、经营权、获益权、相邻关系、物权证书,共十章398条,加上通则编226条、人身权编247条,总共871条。就法典整体,致达其半。

In order to complete the great task of "strengthening the Construction of Market legal system and compiling Civil Code",the General Principles,which will be the first part of the Civil Code,have been adopted,and the compilation of each subseries is under way. From the published draft,it consists of real right,contract,personality right,marriage and family,inheritance and tort liability. But from the view of the internal logic and formal system of the Civil Code,the general principles,personal rights,real rights,intellectual property,debt and inheritance should be more scientific,reasonable and rigorous,with the characteristics of the Chinese times and national style. In the civil and commercial rights,the real right should be after the personal right. However,the content system of real right is the content system of real right. Following the conclusion of the Nineteenth National Congress on the main contradictions of the society in the new era,this paper pursues the balanced development of the society and the needs of the people for a better life,and adheres to the property right as the dominating characteristic of the human being over things. The objective realistic relationship between the subject of civil and commercial affairs dominating things in the social life of Chinese market economy,according to its characteristics of power,belongs to the right of ownership and other real right,and from the angle of separation of the power of ownership and the right of ownership. The author divides his real right into four basic types:control right,occupation right,usufruct right and management right,and sets up the theory of real right ruled by law and academic discourse system with Chinese scientific characteristics. To make it more practical for the civil and commercial subjects to provide more systematic norms of conduct,but also for the judiciary to provide more concise rules of adjudication. And continue to understand and act in one,condensed into a draft law. The contents of the proposed draft of Real Right Part(Yellow River Edition)are as follows:general principles;ownership(from real right);ownership acquisition;control right;occupation right;usufruct right;management right;profit right;adjacent relation;property right certificate.There are 398 articles in 10 chapters,226 articles in General Principles and 247 articles in Personal Rights,a total of 871. As far as the whole of the Code is concerned,it is to the end.