唐宋时期疫病治疗遣药组方规律的数据挖掘研究

Study on data mining of regularity of prescriptions for treating epidemic diseases in Tang and Song dynasties

目的采用文献整理与数据挖掘分析方法,探讨唐宋医家对于疫病的诊疗思路与临证用药经验。方法以《外台秘要方》《千金要方》《太平圣惠方》和《太平惠民和剂局方》等唐宋时期的中医学代表性著作为研究对象,应用文献整理与数据挖掘分析方法,提取四本著作中治疗疫病的方药,深入分析其中使用频率较高的药物,应用关联强度法归纳常用药物及其配伍组合。结果治疗时气最常用甘草、黄芩、麦冬;治疗疟疾最常用常山、甘草、鳖甲;治疗霍乱最常用人参、甘草、生姜。疫病治疗药物中补益药总占比30%,其中以补气药和补阴药为主;解表药(20%)次之;清热药(12%)温里药(11%)占比相当。结论根据以方(药)测证理论,可以推测唐宋时期气虚、阴虚、寒、热病机在疫病中均可出现,扶正祛邪为这一时期疫病的主要治则。

Objective To explore the thoughts and clinical experience of doctors in Tang and Song dynasties in diagnosing and treating epidemic diseases by using the methods of literature collation and data mining.Methods This study chose representative works in traditional Chinese medicine of Tang and Song dynasties-Waitai Miyaofang(Medical Secrets of an Official),Qianjin Yaofang(Invaluable Prescriptions for Ready Reference),Taiping Shenghuifang(Peaceful Holy Benevolent Prescriptions)and Taiping Huimin Hejijufang(Prescription of Peaceful Benevolent Dispensary)as the research object to extract the prescriptions and Chinese medicines for the treatment of epidemic diseases in the four books by using the methods of literature collation and data mining,and then deeply analyzed the Chinese medicines which were used frequently,and summarized the commonly used Chinese medicines and their compatibility by the method of correlation intensity.Results Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae),Huangqin(Radix Scutellariae)and Maidong(Radix Ophiopogonis)were the most commonly used Chinese medicines for the treatment of pestilence;Changshan(Radix Dichroae),Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae)and Biejia(Carapax Trionycis)were the most commonly used for the treatment of malaria;Renshen(Radix Ginseng),Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae)and Shengjiang(Herba Stelmatocryptonis Khasiani)were the most commonly used for the treatment of cholera.In the total Chinese medicines for the treatment of epidemic diseases,tonic Chinese medicines accounted for 30%,mainly tonifying qi and yin,followed by surface-relieving Chinese medicines(20%),and heat-clearing Chinese medicines(12%)accounted for the same proportion as warming the interior Chinese medicines(11%).Conclusion According to the theory of syndrome differentiation through formula effect assessment,it can be inferred that the pathogenesis of qi deficiency,yin deficiency,cold and heat may appear in the epidemic diseases in the Tang and Song dynasties,and strengthening the healthy qi and dispelling pathogens is the main treatment principle of the epidemic diseases in this period.