“中美战略竞争”话语的修辞陷阱及其破解

The Rhetorical Trap of"Sino-US Strategic Competition"Discourse and Its Solution

话语并非完全中性。在特定目标指引下,行为体利用相关话语既可以让他者在新环境下形成特定偏好,也可以改变他者既有偏好,甚至还可以在不改变他者偏好的情况下限制其偏好的实现程度。面对中美互动“接触”框架已消解但还未形成新互动框架的战略现实,美国正试图借用“中美战略竞争”话语抢先型塑有利于己的两国互动新架构。美国在“中美战略竞争”话语中投射了中国是“超越者”与“威胁者”两种形象。定性推理与基本数据分析表明,中美并未进入美国所宣称的“战略竞争”时期。美国提出“中美战略竞争”话语的本质是一种充满话语陷阱的战略修辞行为,目的是利用此种含有特定蕴涵的话语来软制衡中国,动员群众对自身内外政策的支持。中国不加审视地接受美国所提的“中美战略竞争”话语,不仅可能会给自身复兴过程带来道义成本,甚至还可能会引发外界制衡,恶化发展环境。中国应该从加强自身发展的话语权建设、切实践行“和平发展”外交话语、主动有为塑造中美关系等方面出发,积极回应美国所提的“中美战略竞争”话语。

Discourse is not completely neutral.Guided by specific goals,discourse might be utilized to influence others'preferences including forming particular preferences,changing existing preferences and even preventing from full realization without changing them.In the face of the strategic reality that the"engagement"framework for Sino-US interaction has been dissolved while a new framework has not yet formed,the United States is trying to push forward the discourse of"Sino-US strategic competition",so as to preemptively define a new framework of bilateral interaction.In the discourse of"Sino-US strategic competition",the United States has projected China as a"transcendent"and a"threat".Qualitative reasoning and basic data analysis show that the period of"strategic competition"has not come as the United States claims.The discourse of"Sino-US strategic competition"is essentially a strategic rhetorical act full of discourse traps,with the purpose of soft-balancing China and mobilizing support for America's domestic and foreign policies.China's unscrutinized acceptance of such discourse may not only impose moral costs on its own rejuvenation process,but even trigger external balance and worsen the development environment.China should proceed from strengthening the discourse power of its own development,earnestly practicing the diplomatic discourse of"peaceful development",and taking the initiative to shape Sino-US relations,so as to counter the discourse of"Sino-US strategic competition"put forward by the United States.