数字空间视角下“玩劳动”的政治经济学分析

A Political Economic Analysis of "Playbour" from the Perspective of Digital Space

以信息编码方式的颠覆性改变为标志,经济社会经历了工业时代到数字时代的转变。“玩劳动”作为一种新的劳动形态出现,再次掀起了学界关于“马克思劳动价值论”是否过时的探讨。实质上,从单一空间维度去分析“玩劳动”难以真正厘清其物质属性和生产质性。随着数字经济新形态的发展,“玩劳动”不仅符合马克思劳动二重性,同时还具有空间二重性。即在现实物理空间和虚拟数字空间二元空间视角下,“玩劳动”在现实物理空间中表现为休闲、娱乐等活动,在虚拟数字空间中进行着生产劳动。这种空间二重性的产生是数据商品化、数字平台资料化以及经济空间数字化重构的结果。在资本主义私有制条件下,数字资本以更加隐蔽的方式榨取和占有“玩工”所创造的剩余价值,进一步加剧了价值剥削、劳动控制和社会两极分化。

Marked by the subversive change in the way of information coding,the economic society has experienced the transformation from the industrial age to the digital age."playbour",as a new form of labor,has once again raised the academic discussion on whether"Marx’s Labor Value Theory"is outdated.In essence,it is difficult to really clarify its material attribute and production quality by analyzing"playbour"from a single spatial dimension.With the development of the new form of digital economy,"playbour"not only conforms to the Marx’s Theory of Duality of Labor,but also has the Spatial Duality.That is,"playbour"is represented as leisure,entertainment and other activities in physical space,and as productive labor in virtual digital space.This Spatial Duality is the result of data commercialization,digital platform information and digital reconstruction of economic space.Under the conditions of capitalist private ownership,digital capital extracts and occupies the surplus value created by workers in a more concealed way,further exacerbating value exploitation,labor control and social polarization.