流行性出血热传播因素调查分析

A SURVEY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING TRANSMISSION OF HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME

流行性出血热(肾型)的研究历史已有40年之久。此病传播途径至今不明。恙螨[1]、革螨[2]、空气[3]、接触[4]等都曾被认为传播媒介与途径。

During an epidemic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Inshan County of Anhwui Province in 1961,a door-to-door inquiry was carried out at the 8 most seriously attacked production brigades for elucidating the factors associated with transmission of this disease.The incidence was higher in adults than in children,in males than in females.Among male adults,the disease frequency was 2.2 times higher in those who did heavy farm work than in those who didn’t(P<0.01).Among male adults who did heavy farm work,those who passed the nights in field shacks were attacked 2.4 times more than those who didn’t(P<0.01).The longer they stayed in the shacks,the higher the attack rate(P<0.01).In both sexes threshers were more attacked than nonthreshers(P<0.05).Those who did not do heavy farm work,the attack rate was significantly lower in those sleeping on a bed than those sleeping on the ground.Water and food had no way to explain the association of the kind of farm work and sleeping facilities with the transmission of this disease.Trombiculid mites were rarely observed on the rodents(Apodemus agrarius).Gamasoid mites infesting the rodents rarely attack human beings.Since the air was dusty in the field shacks or during threshing,a hypothesis of air-borne transmission of the etiologic agent,which may probably present in the excretions of the rodents,was accepted to explain the high incidence of hemorrhagic fever amongst the farmers who threshed or slept in thatched shacks.This hypothesis needs further confirmation.