领导力测评:内涵、方法及趋势

Leadership Assessment:Connotation,Method and Trend

领导力测评是依据一定的标准对领导者或管理者的领导力或领导素质的测量和评价。它不仅是各类组织选拔评价领导者的一种手段,也是管理者提高自我认知、制定发展方案的重要参考依据。受领导力理论变迁的影响,领导力测评维度和内容不断拓展。有效领导的两类常见预测因素是领导者特质和领导行为。主要特质领域包括能力和人格。在领导行为评估方法上,360度评估可有效提升测量准确性。领导力测评的发展趋势为:从特质转向行为,并更注重结果;越来越重视领导力的发展和提高;通过编纂领导力标准,为领导工作建立专业化基础;在组织环境中理解和评价领导。未来研究应重视评估领导者对组织环境变化的适应性,系统地比较领导力测评的不同方法,同时更多地参考和借鉴相关领域学科的研究成果。

Leadership assessment is the measurement and evaluation of the leadership or leader quality of leaders or managers according to certain criteria.It is not only a means for various organizations to select and evaluate leaders,but also an important reference for managers to improve their self-awareness and formulate development plans.Influenced by the changes of leadership theory,the dimensions and contents of leadership assessment continue to expand.Two common predictive factors of effective leadership are leader traits and leadership behavior.The main trait areas include competencies and personality.Among the assessment methods of leadership behavior,360-degree assessment can effectively improve the accuracy of measurements.The trends of leadership assessment are:(1)shifting from traits to behaviors and focusing more on leadership results;(2)increasing emphasis on leadership development and improvement;(3)establishing professionalized basis for leaders’work through the codification of leadership standards;and(4)appraising leadership in organizational context.Future researches should pay more attention to assessing the leader’s adaptability in changing organizational environment,and systematically comparing different methods of leadership assessment,and more referencing to other relevant disciplines.