中国公众环境治理参与群体的分类及其影响因素

Types and Logic of Residents’ Environmental Participation from the Perspective of Risk Perception

文章旨在研究中国公众面对环境污染威胁时潜在的环境治理参与群体类型及其影响因素。根据居民的环境风险感知以及环境治理参与行动两个维度,划分出潜在的四种参与群体类型,同时,结合保护动机理论以及社会认知理论,从行动成本与收益、个人资源禀赋以及政府信任与环境治理评价三个方面,分析四种群体类型的影响因素。研究发现,环保行动成本与收益、个人资源禀赋以及公众对政府信任与环境治理评价对于公众选择积极的环境治理参与均具有显著的影响。突破居民资源与能力限制,培育公民素质以及建立居民对政府的信任机制,应成为未来环境治理的重要思路。

This article aims to study the types of potential environmental governance participating groups and their influencing fac-tors when the Chinese public faces the threat of environmental pollution.Based on residents’risk perception level for environmental is-sues and whether they intend to take actions to respond,this paper categorizes the potential residents into four types of participating groups.Guided by both the protection motivation theory and the social cognition theory,it further analyzes the impacts of the costs and benefits of action,personal resources as well as trust in government and environmental governance evaluation on the four types of groups.The study finds that the costs and benefits of environmental protection actions,personal resource endowments,and public trust in govern-ment and environmental governance evaluation all have significant influence on the public’s choice of active environmental governance participation.This article suggests that breaking through the restrictions on residents’resources and abilities,cultivating the quality of citizens,and establishing a mechanism for residents to trust the government should be important ideas for future environmental gover-nance.