转向、重构与余问——当代法国个体社会学的进路

Conversion,Reconstruction and Remaining Questions: Path of the Contemporary French Sociologies of the Individual

从上世纪90年代开始,个体社会学在法国日渐兴起。出于对社会变迁和已有理论的反思,个体社会学学者试图摆脱整体主义的视域,构建新的研究实践。他们一方面从个体的自我解构、经验组建、自主团结出发,分析主体性对现实环境的作用;另一方面,通过考察个体化进程对个体的影响来探究人际关系和结构系统的生成逻辑与内部矛盾。其分化的视角与立场逐渐形成了"诠释型"和"批判型"两种思路,也衍生出有关方法论、应用性与理论基质的争议与余问。

Since the 1990s,sociologies of the individual have been flourishing in France.Rethinking social changes and theoretical accumulation,sociologists of the individual intend to cast off the holistic perspective and carry out a new research practice.On the one hand,by focusing on self-deconstruction,the experiential construction,and the autonomic solidarity,they analyze the force of subjectivity on the real environment.On the other hand,they explore the formation logic and the internal contradictions in the interpersonal relationship and the structural system by examining the influence of individualization on individuals themselves.The differentiation of their visual angles and positions gradually formed two trains of thought,i.e.the"interpretative"and the"critical",which also induced debates and questions about the methodology,applicability and theoretical foundation of the sociologies of the individual.