《民法典》背景下心智残疾人婚姻能力问题再审视:特征、困境及破解

Re-examination of the Marriage Ability of Mentally Disabled Persons in the Context of the Civil Code:Characteristics,Dilemmas,and Solutions

保障残疾人合法权益是我国人权法治建设的重要内容,心智残疾人作为残疾人中最为弱势的群体,需要更多的关注。根据《中华人民共和国民法典》等法律规定,重新审视心智残疾人婚姻能力的法律特征后发现,主要困境为:胁迫撤销婚姻法律规定不全面、离婚与结婚的行为效力认定不一致、婚姻登记中行为能力评定程序不合规等。要破解心智残疾人婚姻能力问题,更好地落实法典平等理念,体现国家对于心智残疾人的关怀与保障,就必须解决心智残疾人法律权利能力与行为能力分离问题,细化与规范行为能力的评定内容并将其纳入婚姻登记程序,积极开展心智残疾人婚姻民事行为能力认定的申请和普法教育。

Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of people with disabilities is an important part of China's human rights and rule of law construction.As the most vulnerable group among people with disabilities,mental disabilities need more attention.According to the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China and other legal provisions,after re-examining the legal characteristics of the marital capacity of mentally disabled people,it is found that the main difficulties are:the legal provisions for the compulsory revocation of marriage are not comprehensive,the identification of the effectiveness of divorce and marriage is inconsistent,and the procedure for assessing the capacity of marriage registration is not in compliance with the law.Therefore,in order to solve the problem of the marital capacity of mentally disabled individuals,better implement the concept of equality in the code,and reflect the country's care and protection for them,it is necessary to solve the problem of separating the legal rights and behavioral capacity of mentally disabled individuals,refine and standardize the evaluation content of behavioral capacity,and include it in the marriage registration process.Actively carry out the application and legal education for the recognition of the marital civil capacity of mentally disabled individuals.