方腊之乱与地方豪强家族的转型——以曹娥江上游的新兴科举家族为中心

Turmoil Between the Northern and Southern Song Periods and the Transformation of Local Powerful Lineages:Centered on Families Emerging from Imperial Examination in the Upper Reaches of Cao'e River

北宋时期曹娥江上游山区麇集着不少豪强武装家族。面对方腊之乱,他们采取了不同的武装策略:或以民间宗教名义举兵响应,或因自保而武装抵抗,或中立观望而最终倒向胜利者,或投靠邻县避乱。自保者和最终支持朝廷者因封赏而成为官户,在南宋前期陆续通过科举起家,成为曹娥江上游科举家族和士人阶层的重要来源。绍兴末年以后道学也逐渐渗入曹娥江上游的山区社会,这些豪强家族的子弟又陆续成为道学追随者。由此,方腊之乱使得曹娥江上游通过科举制度形成较具规模的地方士人层和道学追随群体。在豪强家族完成两次文化转型的同时,国家文化力量和意识形态也得以深入到山区的地方社会,特别是上层精英之中。

In the Northerm Song Period,a large number of powerful armed forces gathered in the mountainous area in the upper reaches of the Cao'e River.In the face of the rebellion of Fang La,they adopted different armed strategies,either raised troops in the name of folk religion,armed resistance for self-protection,or neutral looking,and finally fell to the winner,or took refuge in neighboring counties to avoid turmoil.The lineages that either self-protect or ultimately supported the court transformed into official households due to the official award of the imperial court.In the early Southern Song Period,they successively became offcial households through the imperial examination,which became an important source of the imperial examination family in the upper reaches of the Cao'e River.After the late Shao Xing age,Neo Confucianism gradually penetrated local society.Some of the members of local power lineages gradually became followers of Neo Confucianism.Therefore,the rebellion of Fang La made the upper reaches of Cao e River form a large-scale local scholar stratum and Neo Confucianism follower group through the imperial examination system.While the local power family completed two cultural transformations,the national cultural power and ideology also deepened into the local society in mountainous areas,especially among the upper-class elites.