游娱与竞技:宋代宴饮中的博戏

Entertainment and Competition:Boxi in Banquets of the Song Dynasty

宋代宴饮通常伴有各类娱乐活动,为娱宾遣兴之必备。就宴饮博戏而言,相较唐人争强好胜的风习,宋人更加注重其娱乐佐欢功能,并不刻意计较输赢结果。博戏以独特的竞技性和娱乐性充满极强吸引力,自诞生之日起就饱受诟病,非议不断。宋代有识之士更是站在理论高度以奢侈怠惰为名批判包括博戏在内的宴乐事宜。在实际社会生活中却是“批其事而行其实”,从某个程度上反映出士大夫阶层及时行乐的处世心理,处处充斥着适意游性的思想观念。

Banquets in the Song Dynasty were usually accompanied by various entertainnent activities,which were essential for entertaining guests.In terms of Boxi in banquets,compared to the competitive style of the Tang people,the Song people paid more attention to their entertainment functions,and did not deliberately care about the outcome of winning or losing.Boxi is highly attractive for its unique competitiveness and entertainment,and has been criticized and criticized since its inception.The wise people of the Song Dynasty criticized banquets and other entertainment,including Boxi,from a theoretical perspective under the pretext of luxury and laziness.In actual social life,the scholar oficials actually“criticized by words but practiced by action”,eflecting to some extent the social peychology of this class,which was full of ideas and concepts of comfort and pleasure.