基于数据统计之下的宋代至民国山右民间首领称谓研究

Study of the Appellations of Folk Leaders in Shanxi from the Song Dynasty to the Republic of China Based on Statistics

高速发展的信息时代使历史学研究变得多元化,随着地方史料的不断增加,以数据的计算方法对历史资料进行定量分析的研究日趋增多。宋代至民国山右碑刻题记中出现了数量不菲的民间首领称谓,通过数据统计分析发现,宋金元时期的民间首领称谓主要集中在政策引导下的“老人”和带有浓厚宗教意味的“维那”上。明清时期,山右民间首领称谓的区域性差别较为明显,南北各有不同,主要以纠首、社首为主,辅以渠长、经理等称呼,凸显出民间社会地方自治的多元化特征。民国初期依然延续清代社首、纠首、经理人等称谓,民国中后期,民间首领称谓呈现出高度的趋同性,以“经理人”和“村长”为主。

The rapid development of the information age makes the study of history become diversified.With the continuous increase of local historical data,the quantitative analysis of historical data by data calculation method is increasing progressively.From the Song Dynasty to the Republic of China,a large number of folk leaders appeared in the inscriptions in Shanxi temples.Through statistical analysis,it was found that the appellations of folk leaders in the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties were mainly“Lao Ren”under the guidance of policies and the“Wei Na”with strong religious meaning.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the appellations of folk leaders were regional,with differences in the north and south of Shanxi.The appellations were mainly“She Shou”and“Jiu Shou”,supplemented by“Qu Zhang”,“Jing Li”etc.,which highlighted the characteristics of local autonomy in the civil society.In the early period of the Republic of China,the appellations of folk leaders in the Qing Dynasty were still called“She Shou”,“Jiu Shou”and“Jing Liren”.To the middle and late period of the Republic of China,the appellations of folk leaders showed a high degree of convergence,were mainly“Jing Liren”and“Cun Zhang”.