岁时花朝:唐宋以降“花神”形象的嬗变

The Calendar of Flower Festival:The Images Transformation of“Flower Goddess”in the Middle and Late Imperial China

“花神”在中国神话传说中流传已久。最初的“花神”是女夷,号为“天帝之女”。唐宋时由于道教神仙信仰的发展,修仙飞升的唐代女冠“花姑”黄令微,融合了“善种”的才能。花信风知识与花朝节民俗的结合,使得“花神”形象开始由单一、固定的设置转向多元,表现为女夷被赋予道教仙真南岳魏夫人弟子的身份,并开始与“花姑”共享“花神”名号。最终在花月令与明清祭祀花神的民间信仰影响下,“花神”形象变化形成十二月花神体系。

There is a long history of“Flower Goddess”in Chinese mythology.The origin of“Flower Goddess”is Nv Yi,the daughter of Tian Di.In the period of the Tang(618--907)and the Song(960-1279)dynasties,due to the development of Taoist belief,a Taoist priestess named Hua Gu integrated the talent of planting and cultivated to become an immortal.It is found that the combination of the knowledge of flower season and the folk custom of the Flower Festival resulted in the transformation of“Flower Goddess”,which developed into multiple images from a single and fixed one.It turns out that Nv Yi was given the status of disciple of the Lady Wei in Taoism,and shared the name of“Flower Goddess”with Hua Gu.Finally,under the influence of the folk beliefs of flower calendar and sacrificing“Flower Goddesses”in the Ming(1368-1644)and the Qing dynasties(1636-1912),images of“Flower Goddesses”transitioned into the system of“Flower Goddesses in Twelve Months”.