清前期盛京上三旗包衣佐领所属群体家庭与婚姻——以满文《黑图档》为基本资料

The Family and Marriage of the Group to which Mukden Boyiniru Belong in the Early Qing Dynasty as Seen in the Manchu Hetu File

盛京上三旗包衣佐领(以下简称盛京包衣三佐领),是清廷在包衣参领之外单独设立的专门处理盛京皇家事务的包衣组织。所属群体以旧汉人及关内民人为主体,多贫苦无力之人。男多女少,家庭生育率低,使得复合家庭较为典型,家主之弟及家奴则为复合家庭主要联合对象。群体社会生活之特点使其婚姻制度既在八旗制度以旗管人特点的影响下采取仅限制女子嫁娶范围的措施,又同时沿袭满汉不通婚之风俗。通过总管内务府、盛京包衣三佐领及其所属包衣人等三者之间互动,使得该项制度在基层得以落实,由此包衣人等婚姻被纳入以旗管人之八旗制度之下。而相对原有之婚姻风俗,盛京包衣人等却更重视生活实际。

Mukden boyiniru was a special organization set up separately by the boyijala to deal with the royal affairs in Mukden.The group was mainly composed of the fenikan and the people in Shanhaiguan,most of whom are poor and powerless.A majority men and a minority of women,low family fertility,so that the composite family was more typical,the younger brother of the family owner and the family slave were the main joint objects of the composite family.The characteristics of the social life of the group led to the adoption of the marriage system under the influence of the eight-flag system,which only limited the scope of women’s marriage,as well as the adoption of the custom of non-intermarriage in the Manchu and Han ethnic group.Through the interaction between the main office,the Mukden boyiniru and its subordinate people,the system can be implemented at the grass-roots level,so that the marriage of a person was included in the eight flag system.Compared with the original marriage custom,Mukden boyiniru paid more attention to the reality of life.