拟男与风雅——性别学视域下《红楼梦》女性“琴棋书画”的空间表达与生活

Virilescence and Elegance——Feminine Space and Life of "Qin Qi Shu Hua" in Dream of the Red Chamber in the Perspective of Gender Studies

琴棋书画,即古琴、对弈(特指围棋)、书法(或诗书)、绘画,又称"文人四友",是中国古代文人生活中常见的休养方式,也是文人理想化的雅集交流方式。明清时期,女性以"琴棋书画"为综合才艺的风尚渐为世人所提倡,在相关小说文本和器物图像中都有描述。本文以经典文学著作《红楼梦》为对象,结合书中女性生活的公共区域与私人空间,综合探讨琴棋书画相关概念和中国清代才女观的表现方式,以及书中不同于世俗文本琴棋书画的普遍描绘方式。旨在从性别学视域探究书中"琴棋书画"所反映的拟男之风与风雅所附,及其在生活空间、文人交游、社会层次、女性角色影响下的社会意义与时代局限。

"Qin Qi Shu Hua"(Chinese Zither,Go,Calligraphy and Painting)are known as four friends of scholar usually.They should also be the communication ways of the idealized Elegant Gatherings.These four arts were popular with women during the Ming and Qing dynasties,which were written in novels and decorated on material arts.The article focuses on the public and private feminine spaces in the classical novel of Dream of the Red Chamber.The article talks about the conception of"Qin Qi Shu Hua"and the expression of talented women in the period,especially the difference from other popular novels about"Qin Qi Shu Hua"in feminine life.The study aims at analysing virilescence and elegance of women by"Qin Qi Shu Hua"in novel Dream of the Red Chamber in the perspective of gender studies.In addition,the feminine space and life,the relationship of women with scholars,social classes of talented women have also been discussed at this article.