“人以地灵、地以人显”——明代江浙私修乡贤传记探论

“Man is the Spirit of the Earth and Man is the Manifestation of the Earth”——Exploring the Biography of the Sages of the Private Hometown of Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the Ming Dynasty

明代的江浙是私修乡贤传的主要地区,存量丰富且具有地方性、集中性、"贤"类型化、私修性的文献书写特征。私修乡贤传在书写上具有很强的连贯性、延续性,"师弟相承"与"家族传承"是两种主要的传承形式;在入传人物的选取上秉持"非乡人不录""酌公衡""重贤"三原则。已致仕乡人、乡里处士、地方官与寓居者是主要的著录群体,他们具有极强的资料收集书写能力、"就地言地"的区位优势及广泛的文化影响力。主观的"立言"、为"乡邦吐气",加之困顿的政治境遇促使他们回归乡里书写乡贤,并于书写中完成"天下""庙堂"到"乡"的情感回归。

Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the Ming Dynasty were the main areas for private biography of country sages.They had abundant and had the literature writing characteristics of local,centralized,typified and private.The private biography of country sages has strong coherence and continuity in writing."Inheritance of Teachers and Students"and"Family Inheritance"are its two main forms of inheritance.In the selection of imported characters,they adhere to the three principles of"non-villagers do not record","discretion and balance"and"respecting the virtuous".The main descriptive groups are those who have become officials and villagers,village magistrates,local officials and residences.They have strong ability of collecting and writing data,geographical advantages of"local language"and wide cultural influence.Subjective"speech"and"venting for the countryside",together with the difficult political situation,prompted them to return to the countryside to write about the sages and accomplish the emotional return of"the world","temples"to"the countryside"in their writing.