明初士人的修谱睦族热潮再探——基于黄灵庚新编《宋濂全集》的讨论

Rediscussing the Boom of Compiling Genealogy by Scholars in the Early Ming Dynasty:A Study Bases on the Song Lian Corpora Which Newly Compiled by Huang Linggeng

明初洪武年间出现了一股修谱睦族热潮,使得修谱而非建祠成为当时敬宗睦族活动中最为主流的形式。这股修谱睦族热潮由"有位之士"和"无位之士"共同掀起和推动。这些士人修谱睦族的主要目的,并不是延续"名门家系"或使其官僚身份世袭化,而是"化族"之俗,进而"化乡"之俗,以至于"化天下"之俗。在这一"化俗"的设想中,修谱睦族成为一种最为重要、最为根本的"士行",成为分辨"士"之良善、"有志"或"无志"、"知本"或不"知本"的重要标准;同时也是士人维持"士"阶层身份认同,变成"善士"、"有志之士"或"知本之士"的重要凭借。

There appeared a boom of compiling genealogy in the early Ming Dynasty,which made the work of compiling genealogy rather than building ancestral hall into the mainstream form of respecting the ancestors and making the clan harmonious.The boom of Compiling Genealogy was brought and pushed forward both by the scholar without official position and the scholar with official position.The mainly purpose of compiling genealogy and making the clan harmonious by those scholars was civilizing the clan customs,even civilizing the local and the world customs,rather than continuing the distinguished lineage genealogy.In the design of civilizing customs,the work of compiling genealogy tree and making the clan harmonious became the most important and fundamental behavior of scholars and the most important criterion of measuring the scholar good or bad,ambitious or unambitious,knowing fundamental or unknowing fundamental.In the meantime,it was also the important resort of the scholar maintained their stratum’s identity and became good scholar,ambitious scholar or knowing fundamental scholar.