清代京畿协同治理模式初探——以顺天府四路同知为例

A Preliminary Study on the Cooperative Governance Model of the Capital City and its Environs in the Qing Dynasty——Take the SiLuTing of ShunTianFu as an example

清代重视京畿行政体制建设,并根据国家治理的需要,不断调整改革。顺天府为清代京畿治理的主体,京畿附近州县在行政区划上直属顺天府,兼属于直隶省,实行顺天府与直隶总督双重兼管、协同治理的体制。为了适应这一多元共治的治理模式,清王朝在京畿又设置四路同知,以加强顺天府、直隶总督的协调沟通,并在漫长的治理实践中不断调整,逐渐赋予其治安、刑名、钱谷等各项职能。四路同知体制的改革贯穿整个清代,其设置以及变迁历程折射出清代京畿治理过程中最高统治者、顺天府与直隶总督的相互博弈关系。四路同知作为清代京畿协同治理模式探索的产物之一,为近代以来京津冀地区的行政体制改革提供了重要的历史借鉴。

In the Qing Dynasty,the Rulers paid attention to the construction of the administrative system of the capital city and its environs,and constantly adjusted the reform according to the needs of state governance.ShunTianFu is the main body of the governance of the Qing Dynasty in the capital city and its environs.The prefectures and counties in the vicinity of Beijing are directly under ShunTianFu Prefecture,at the same time accept the jurisdiction of Zhili Province.It implements the system of dual management and coordinated management of ShunTianFu and Zhili Governor.In order to adapt to this multi-governance governance model,the Qing Dynasty set up SiLuTing between ShunTianFu and its affiliated counties to strengthen the coordination and communication between the Shuntian and Zhili governors.And in the longterm governance practice,it has been constantly adjusted and gradually given its functions of public security,justice,finance and so on,and continue to practice in the long-term governance practice.The reform of the SiLuTing system runs through the whole Qing Dynasty,and its establishment and course of change reflect the game relationship between the Rulers,ShunTianFu and the governor of Zhili in the process of governing the capital of the Qing Dynasty.As one of the products of the exploration of the cooperative governance model of the capital city and its environ,the SiLuTing has provided an important historical reference for the administrative system reform of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region since modern times.