在家中玩耍——儿童娱乐、家庭教育与民国上海“儿童游戏室”话语的兴起

Domestic play——Children Entertainment,Family Education and Discourses of Children playroom in Shanghai(1912—1949)

随着上海在民国时期的日益繁荣,当地人多地少的矛盾愈发凸显。由于户外游戏空间被极大压缩,儿童不得已在马路边玩耍,酿成了多起交通事故。为了防范危险和不良的街头游戏可能对儿童造成的身心伤害,幼儿教育专家呼吁父母在家中开辟儿童游戏室,为子女提供安全卫生的游戏空间和健康有益的娱乐活动,并借以改善家居环境,开展家庭教育。尽管在当时的历史条件下,儿童游戏室更多地停留在话语层面,但其出现仍反映了在工业化和城市化的背景下,儿童在小家庭中地位的上升以及良好的居家环境和寓教于乐的家庭教育等育儿观念渐为国人了解接受的事实。

In the wake of industrial and commercial boom in the era of the Min Guo of China,Shanghai,as an outstanding metropolis,was confronted with the dilemma between dense populations and limited urban space.Due to outdoor playing places were severely compressed,children had to playing on the side of the road so as to induce many traffic accidents.In order to prevent the physical and mental damage to children from dangerous and improper street game,early childhood education experts called for parents open up the children’s playroom as a safe and clean playing in the house for their offspring who engaged themselves in healthy and good recreations.Meanwhile,adults should regard setting up the child’s playroom as an opportunity for improving domestic environment and carrying out family education.Although under the specific historical conditions,child’s playroom do not had the practicability,the emerging of related discourse still reflected the tendency that promotion of status of child in the nuclear family and the truth that early childhood concept including good household environment and edutainment had been gradually learned and accepted by citizens under the circumstance of industrialization and urbanization.