火星环绕器行星际飞行设计与实现

Design and Realization of Interplanetary Flight for Mars Orbiter

火星探测任务面临着器地距离远、通信衰减大、器地时延大、信息传输效率低、日凌中断时间长、地火空间光照强度变化剧烈、转移轨道环境影响复杂等一系列任务难点,需要突破行星际飞行关键技术,保障火星探测器在轨健康稳定飞行,顺利完成各项预定任务。针对我国首次火星探测任务,分析行星际飞行任务过程中面临的新环境,梳理实现行星际飞行的大时延及长日凌自主管理、变光强能源管理与应急、高低温交变环境适应、变码率信息管理等关键技术,给出火星环绕器系统设计的在轨实现情况,后续可以为深空以远环绕探测任务的行星际飞行设计与实现提供参考。

Mars exploration missions usually face a series of difficulties such as long device-to-ground distance,large communication attenuation,long time delay,low information transmission efficiency,long interruption time of the Sun outage,dramatic change in the light intensity of the Earth-to-Mars space,and complex transfer track environment.In order to successfully complete the scheduled missions,it is necessary to break through the key technologies of interplanetary flight so as to ensure the healthy and stable flight of the Mars probe in orbit.In this article,the new environment faced by the interplanetary mission in the process of China’s first Mars exploration mission is analyzed.The key technologies for the interplanetary flight are reviewed,e.g.,the self-management for the large time delay and long Sun outage,the energy management and emergency management for the variable light intensity,the high and low temperature alternating environment adaption,and the code transformation information management.The on-orbit implementation status of the Mars orbiter system design is presented.The results can provide a reference for the design and implementation of interplanetary flight for deep space orbiting exploration missions.