概念地图:以大概念促进深度学习

Concept Maps:Promoting Deep Learning with Big Ideas

当前学校教育存在的最大问题是所教内容"多而浅"而不是"少而深",学生习得了大量的专家结论却难以在现实世界中加以调用。深度学习的关键在于让学生学会像专家一样思考,运用专家思维解决问题。学习科学的研究发现,专家思维发展的是一种自然知识,利用位置记忆系统构建脑内的地图,因此概念地图是达成深度学习的一种有力工具。概念地图由概念、观念、案例、本质问题和大概念组成,它以大概念为核心,反映专家思维。绘制概念地图由确定概念焦点→发现上位概念→初步形成地图框架→激活概念和案例促进理解→制作概念地图→修正概念地图六个步骤组成。概念地图有助于确定单元目标、建构单元结构和设计教学过程,同时可以运用于评价之中。

Currently,a common problem of school education is that it always attaches more importance to the number and scope of the teaching content rather than the depth of learning,in which students obtain a large number of expert conclusions.However,students find it difficult to apply these conclusions in the real world.The key to deep learning is thinking like experts and solving problems with expert thinking.The study of learning science has found that expert thinking can develop a kind of natural knowledge,with which students can build a map in the brain by position memory system.Concept maps are powerful tools to achieve deep learning,which are composed of concepts,propositions,cases,essential questions and big ideas.And big ideas are at the heart of them,and meanwhile reflect expert thinking.Generally,there are six steps for making a concept map,including determining the conceptual focus→discovering the upper concept→drawing the draft framework of the map→activating concepts and cases to promote understanding→drawing the concept map→correcting concept map.And concept maps are beneficial for determining unit goals,constructing unit structures,designing teaching processes,and can also be used in evaluation.