摇晃的钟摆:美国高等教育发展的困顿与抉择——基于美国营利性大学研究的思考

Wobbling Pendulum: the Dilemma and Choice of the Development of American Higher Education:Based on the Research of American For-profit University

长期以来,美国高等教育始终在政府与市场的交互作用中发展。美国营利性大学先后历经"弱政府,强市场"、"弱政府,弱市场"、"强政府,强市场"、"强政府,弱市场"四种交互作用机制,并出现持续的"钟摆现象"。宽松的政策环境与强劲的市场需求对美国营利性大学产生强大的驱动作用;反之,营利性大学发展将面临阻碍。美国营利性大学要走出发展困境,需调和政府与市场之间的矛盾张力。为完善我国民办高校分类管理政策,需在政府监管与政策供给、市场活力与市场逐利、教育逻辑与市场逻辑上进行制度突破与创新。

For-profit university triggered the public attention of the essential attributes and running mode of higher education.The rise of American for-profit college is the result of capital market and government’s funding policy.Under the common effect formed four kinds of interaction mechanism——"strong government,strong market","strong government,weak market","weak government,weak market","weak government,strong market",American for-profit colleges shows the pendulum phenomenon.Strong market development and loose environment policy result in rapid development of American for-profit colleges;Conversely,for-profit colleges development will face the problems.for-profit university need to keep a balance between the market and government,policy regulation and resource supply,market logic and education logicin aspects of breakthrough and innovation education.