建国70年来我国高等教育对外开放政策文本分析——基于政策工具理论视角

Text Analysis of China’s Higher Education Opening Up Policy since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China 70 Years Ago: From the Perspective of Policy Tool Theory

本文基于政策工具视角构建以政策工具类型为横向维度、以政策主题为纵向维度的二维分析框架,采用文本计量的方法分析了建国以来国家层面颁布的237项高等教育对外开放政策。结果表明,高等教育政策工具的运用呈现结构失衡与领域固化的特征,存在的问题及影响表现为政策工具的选择配置失范,割裂了工具的协同效应;强制性政策工具使用过溢,抑制了对外开放的活力;自愿性政策工具被忽视,消减了社会力量的作用;诱因型政策工具使用不足,削弱了内在驱动的力度。建议通过加强政策体系的顶层设计、提高政策执行的实际效能、拓展市场化工具适用范围、构建多元的政策参与主体等措施优化高等教育对外开放政策。

Based on the perspective of policy tools,this paper constructs a two-dimensional analysis framework with the types of policy tools as the horizontal axis and the policy themes as the vertical axis,and uses the bibliometric method to analyze 237 national-level higher education opening-up policies since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.The results show that the application of higher education policy tools is characterized by structural imbalance and solidification of the field.The existing problems and impacts are manifested in the anomie of the choice and allocation of policy instruments,which severs the synergistic effect of the tools;the excessive use of compulsory policy instruments inhibits the vitality of opening up;the neglect of voluntary policy instruments has reduced the role of social forces;the underutilization of incentive-type policy tools has weakened the internal drive.It is suggested to optimize the opening up policy of higher education by strengthening the top-level design of the policy system,improving the practical effectiveness of policy implementation,expanding the scope of application of market-oriented tools,and building a diversified policy participants.