导师人格与身教对博士生培养的影响

The Effects of Supervisors’ Personalities and Examples on the Quality of Doctoral Training

导师人格蕴含了指导行为倾向,体现在具体的师生关系之中。导师通过身教影响博士生的人格和社会化,身教是导师发挥育人功效的重要途径。通过对案例高校50位博士研究生的质性访谈,提取出与导师人格、身教相关的关键性表征并将其聚类。研究发现:导师的人格特征会影响指导质量,进而影响学生满意度,受学生欢迎和不受学生欢迎的导师在人格和指导上分别体现出一些共性特点;导师身教发挥作用的途径主要有三种,即遵守学术规范与学术道德,给予学生公正客观的评价、不滥用权力,为人正直、处世有原则。文章从导师修身、知行合一、建立良好师生关系三个方面进行了反思并提出建议。

The supervisors’ personalities imply their behavior tendencies in guidance, which are also indicated in the specific supervisor-doctoral student relationships. The supervisors influence the doctoral students’ personalities and socialization by setting themselves examples to the students. Leading by example is one of the significant approaches of supervisors’ moral education. This study carried out a qualitative research by fifty in-depth interviews in a case research university. The key characters related to personality and moral integrity are extracted and the clustering analysis is explored. The research findings of this study can be concluded as follows: supervisor’s personality will influence the quality of doctoral training, and further influence the students’ degrees of satisfaction;supervisor’s leading by example can be categorized as three types, which include complying with academic norms and academic ethics, giving candid and objective evaluations to the students, and being integrity when conduct in society. This study also proposed some suggestions on the supervisors’ self-cultivation, constituting unity of knowing and doing, and establishing good relations between supervisors and students.