互联网平台互联互通边界及规制方向

近年来,我国互联网平台经济监管历经了从强化专项监管到常态化监管的转变,这一过程既涉及行业监管也关涉市场监管,还关乎行业监管与市场监管的协同。然而,在互联网平台经济发展过程中,平台强制“二选一”、自我优待、大数据杀熟等涉嫌构成滥用市场支配地位、不正当竞争及不公正交易行为时有发生,不仅损害了消费者权益,也破坏了市场公平竞争的秩序。虽然,经过一段时间的集中整改,相关现象得到改善,但是,平台经济规范健康发展的目标依然任重道远。其中从我国数字经济高质量发展自身需求出发,如何更好推进平台互联互通仍然是各界关注的问题。囿于平台发展依赖数据资源的特性,完全拒绝互联互通可能会滋生不当竞争和垄断行为,而全面互联互通也会损害创新,甚至固化现有的市场竞争格局,产生基于数据联通、信息共享而大量出现的协议行为。故此,实现平台互联互通时应科学厘清互联互通的内涵、特征及具体适用场景,从审慎适用必需设施理论、推动互联网平台分级监管、设置事前监管工具、协调市场监管与行业监管等方面入手,把握互联网平台互联互通的边界及规制方向,促进平台经济规范健康发展。

In recent years,China's regulation of the platform economy has shifted from targeted supervision to regular supervision,a process that involves industry and market supervision and the integration of both.However,with the development of the platform economy,the prevalence of anti-competitive and monopolistic behavior such as platform blocking,forcing merchants to choose from platforms,self-preferential treatment,and big data-enabled price discrimination not only harms consumers rights and interests,but also disrupts market order.Although the situation has been improved after continuous efforts,the healthy development of the platform economy still has a long way to go.How to promote interconnection among platforms to serve the high-quality development of the digital economy has attracted much attention.Due to the dependence of platforms on data resources,a complete rejection of interconnection would lead to anti-competitive and monopolistic behavior,while complete interconnection may harm innovation,consolidate the status quo of the market,and trigger conspiracy between platforms based on data connection and information sharing.Therefore,when implementing platform interconnection,it is important to clarify its meaning,characteristics,and application scenarios.We should set boundaries and regulatory directions for platform interconnection by prudently applying the essential facilities doctrine,promoting hierarchical regulation of Internet platforms,establishing ex ante supervision,and coordinating market supervision with industry supervision,so as to promote the healthy development of the platform economy.