数字平台的反不正当竞争:道德、法律与监管

数字平台的新型不正当竞争愈演愈烈,道德、法律与监管呈现胶着状态。数字经济高质量发展需要学界为促进数字平台市场的公平竞争和健康有序发展提供清晰的法律思路。首先需要归纳数字平台不正当竞争行为的主要类型,同时挖掘数字平台新型不正当竞争行为的认定困境。判断数字平台竞争行为正当性可归结为三个范式,即商业道德、对竞争秩序的损害以及综合考量。在正当性分析中显现我国数字平台竞争监管面临着三重挑战:认识与掌握平台运行与竞争规律,以及更新监管理念和方法;竞争规则有待优化,监管体系有待健全,处罚力度有待强化;监管工具亟待革新,需要运用大数据分析、人工智能等技术手段提高监管的效率和准确性。加强与改进数字平台反不正当竞争监管的创新思路,包括在法治维度坚持包容审慎监管原则;各监管机构之间要加强协作与联防,构建超级协同监管体制;通过建立信用评价体系,加强信用监管;借助智慧监管及其技术赋能,利用人工智能、区块链等技术手段,提升监管的精准性和效果等。

The new forms of unfair competition of digital platforms are intensifying which has led to a deadlock between morality,law,and regulation.For the high-quality development of digital economy,it is necessary for scholars to provide a clear legal approach to promote fair competition and the healthy and orderly development of the digital platform market.To this end,it is first necessary to summarize the main types of unfair competition behavior of digital platforms and the difficulties in identifying the new forms of unfair competition behavior.The legitimacy of digital platform competition can be judged from three aspects:business ethics,damage to the competition order,and comprehensive consideration.The legitimacy analysis reveals three challenges facing China's regulation of digital platform competition:the need to update regulatory concepts and methods based on the understanding of digital platform operations and competition rules;the need to optimize competition rules,the regulatory system,and punishment measures;and the need to innovate regulatory tools to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of regulation by using technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence.Innovative ways to combat unfair competition in the digital platform sector include following the principle of inclusive and prudent regulation in the legal dimension,establishing a coordinated regulatory system by strengthening cooperation and joint prevention among regulatory agencies;strengthening credit regulation by building a credit rating system;and applying tech-enabled intelligent regulation by utilizing artificial intelligence,blockchain,and other technologies.In this way,the effectiveness of regulation can be improved.