一种历史意外的空间后果——近代上海的城市形成

Spatial Consequences of Historical Contingency——The Urban Formation of Modern Shanghai

近代上海的形成是一种不可复制的历史意外。设立租界本为限制外国人势力,但小刀会、太平天国、义和团所附生的"东南互保",中外权力失控,改变了上海的租界形态,最后演变成"国中之国"。本文从城建史的角度观察上海的社会历史变迁,通过丰富多样的居住建筑、公共建筑和城市公共空间的论述分析,发现:特殊的城市经历有助于从时空要素、物质层面反思现代性和观念史;大量优秀历史建筑遗产、中国最具现代意识的公共文化和上海地域特色的建筑形式,也为当代上海建成尊重历史、具有地方感和识别性的城市系统与建筑环境提供了基本形式。

The formation of modern Shanghai is a historical contingency that cannot be duplicated.Shanghai Intentional Settlement was originally established to restrain foreign powers,but the"South-East Mutual Protection",the by-product of the Small Swords Society(Xiaodaohui),the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Boxer Rebellion,resulted in loss of control of Chinese and foreign powers,which reshaped the form of Shanghai Intentional Settlement and finally it made a"state within a state."This paper expounds on the social and historical transformation in Shanghai from the perspective of urban construction history by examining the rich and varied residential quarters,public buildings and urban public space.It is concluded that its special urban experience helps us reflect on its modernity and conceptual history in terms of time and space and on the material level;a large number of Heritage Architecture,the most modern public culture in China and the architectural styles characteristic of Shanghai have also provided a basic form for Shanghai to build a city system and architecture environment respecting history and with a sense of locality and distinctiveness.