空间正义视角下残疾人无障碍环境建设困境与解决思路——以H市社区无障碍环境建设为例

Challenges and Solutions in Building Barrier-free Environments for People with Disabilities from the Perspective of Spatial Justice:Based on Surveys of Barrier-free Environment Construction in Communities of City H

无障碍环境建设是残疾人事业发展的重要内容,也是新时代对包括残疾人在内的特殊困难群体需求的回应。在推进残疾人无障碍环境建设的过程中,“空间正义”成为无障碍环境建设的重要理论参考,这不仅体现在对社会、社区、生产和文化等空间的关注,同时也反映了对空间中存在的不公平和不平衡现象的关注。文章以H市多个社区无障碍环境建设情况为研究对象,基于空间正义理论,从无障碍设施、文化观念和社区网络建设三个方面构建了空间正义分析框架,深入探讨了残疾人无障碍诉求与政府推进无障碍环境建设行动之间的偏差及其成因,认为残疾人无障碍环境建设需要空间设计者普及无障碍理念、完善设施;需要空间管理者丰富社区空间活动、化解空间使用主体间的矛盾;需要重视主体性力量,稳固社区关系网络建设,这将对无障碍环境建设具有重大意义。

The barrier-free environment construction is an important part of the development of disability affairs.It is also the response to the needs of people with special difficulties including people with disabilities in the new era.In the advancement of barrier-free environments for people with disabilities,the concept of"spatial justice"has become an important theoretical reference.This concept is evident not only in the attention to spaces such as society,community,production,and culture,but also in the focus on the unfairness and imbalance within these spaces.Based on the theory of spatial justice,this study takes the barrier-free environment construction in communities of city H as the research object.It is designed to establish the analytical framework of spatial justice from three aspects:barrier-free facilities,cultural perceptions,and community cyberspace construction.The paper is intended to deeply explore the discrepancies and its causes between the demands of people with disabilities for barrier-free environments and the government's efforts to promote such environments.This research result shows that the barrier-free environment construction for people with disabilities requires space designers to popularize accessibility concepts and improve facilities.The managers of space are required to enrich community space activities and resolve conflicts among spatial subjects.It is necessary to attach importance to the power of subjectivity and stabilize the construction of community-relations,which will be of great significance for the barrier-free environment construction.