冲突到增益:失能老人家庭中女性照顾者的角色调适

From Conflict to Gain:Role Adaptation of Female Caregivers in Families with Disabled Elderly Members

随着失能老年人口数量不断增加,身兼多重角色的女性照顾者易因压力过大而产生角色冲突。文章基于角色紧张理论,引入家庭抗逆力视角,通过深度访谈和参与式观察,探究W市J社区失能老人家庭中的女性照顾者从角色冲突向角色增益转变的实现路径。研究发现,失能老人家庭中女性照顾者会面临角色义务冲突、角色关系失调、角色条件限制。社会工作者在对失能老人家庭中女性照顾者角色增益的过程中发挥重要作用:一方面帮助其凝聚家庭的正式支持与非正式支持,形成家庭抗逆力;另一方面通过满足角色期待、维持角色关系、提升角色能力等多种途径激发其个体能动性,抵消多重角色冲突的消极后果,实现失能老人家庭中女性照顾者的蜕变与新生。

With the increasing number of disabled elderly individuals,female caregivers,who often juggle multiple roles,are prone to experiencing role conflicts due to excessive stress.Based on role stress theory and incorporating the perspective of family resilience,this study explores the transition from role conflict to role gain among female caregivers in families with disabled elderly members in Community J of City W through in-depth interviews and participatory observations.It is found that female caregivers often face role obligation conflicts,role relationship imbalances,and role condition constraints.Social workers play an important role in enhancing role gain for female caregivers in families with disabled elderly members.On one hand,they help consolidate both formal and informal family support,building family resilience.On the other hand,through various means such as meeting role expectations,maintaining role relationships,and enhancing role capabilities,they stimulate individual agency and counteract the negative consequences of multiple role conflicts,in order to facilitate the transformation and rebirth of female caregivers in these families.