地方政府普惠性托育服务供给政策的现状与优化——基于政策工具的视角

The Current State and Optimization of Local Government Policies for Providing Inclusive Childcare Services:A Perspective Based on Policy Tools

扩大普惠性托育服务供给,需要地方政府主动作为。基于政策工具视角,文章构建“政策工具—服务供给要素”二维分析框架,对222份地方性政策文本进行编码和内容分析,研究发现:政策工具以命令型和劝告型为主,工具类型偏好存在地域差异和政府层级差异;政策聚焦市场准入,服务供给要素占比的地域差异和政府层级差异不明显;政策工具组合使用、灵活调整,但部分政策工具的组合不够合理。对此,建议加强激励型政策工具的使用,重视以政策手段维持普惠性托育机构正常运行,针对服务供给要素的特点和变化及时调整政策工具组合。

Expanding the supply of inclusive childcare services requires practice efforts by local governments.From the perspective of policy tools,this paper constructs a two-dimensional analysis framework of“policy tools and service supply factors”and conducts coding and content analysis of 222 local policy texts.The study finds that the policy tools are mainly directive and advisory,with regional and governmental level differences in tool preferences.The policies focus on market access,with regional differences in the proportion of service supply factors being less noticeable.The policy tools are used in combination and flexibly adjusted,but some combinations of policy tool are not reasonable.Therefore,it is recommended to strengthen the use of incentive policy tools and emphasize maintaining the normal operation of inclusive childcare institutions through policy measures.It also proposes to adjust the combination of policy tools in a timely manner according to the characteristics and changes of service supply factors.