偏差与排斥:智障儿童家庭教育的现实考察与策略选择——基于X特教中心8名智障儿童的分析

Deviation and Exclusion:Realistic Investigation and Strategy Selection of Family Education for Children with Intellectual Disabilities——Based on the Case of 8 Mentally Handicapped Children in X Special Education Centres

智障儿童作为特殊群体相对于正常儿童面临更多的经济、安全和教育需求,就目前国内现有的智障儿童生活条件状况而言,仅有少数有能力在特殊或正规教育机构接受教育,大部分智障儿童还是生活在常规化模式的家庭中。基于8个智障儿童案例,文章分析当前智障儿童家庭教育存在的"刻板式"教育方式不当、家庭教育与学校教育存在差异、国家政策支持的不足等问题,深入探究其家庭对智障的错误理解、照顾者对家庭教育认识的偏差、社会成员的漠视等主要原因,尝试提出协助照顾者学习科学的教育理念和方法、构建共商共制共评共教的学校—家庭联合照顾模式与"爱心引擎"社会互助支持网络等对策建议,让智障儿童更好地接受完整的教育,更快地康复并适应社会。

As a special group,children with intellectual disabilities face more economic,security and educational needs than normal children.As far as the current living conditions of children with intellectual disabilities in China are concerned,only a few have the ability to receive education in special or formal education institutions.Intellectually disabled children still live in regular families.Based on 8 cases of children with intellectual disabilities,the article analyzes the current“stereotype”education methods of children with intellectual disabilities,the differences between family education and school education,and the lack of national policy support.It deeply explores the family’s misunderstanding of intellectual disabilities,Caregivers’misunderstanding of family education and the disregard of social members,etc.,try to propose educational concepts and methods that assist caregivers in learning science,build a school-family joint care model that facilitates consultation,evaluation,and education,and build a“caring engine”Social mutual aid support network and other countermeasures suggest that children with intellectual disabilities can better receive a complete education,recover faster and adapt to society.