社会工作介入突发公共卫生事件防控的实证研究——以珠三角地区社工专业服务情况为例

An Empirical Study on the Intervention of Social Work in the Prevention and Control of Public Health Emergencies——Taking the Professional Services of Social Workers in the Pearl River Delta as an Example

新冠肺炎疫情的暴发给国家公共卫生治理和社会稳定带来了重大挑战,但同时也给社会工作介入突发公共卫生事件提供了前所未有的契机。文章基于对280位一线社工的问卷调查数据及其中5位社工的深度访谈结果,建构"责任—行动—结构"的分析框架尝试探讨社会工作者在此次突发公共卫生事件中的作用。研究发现:在专业责任的驱动下,社会工作者出于专业自觉展现出非凡的紧急反应力和行动力;在行动方面,社会工作者运用社会网络,实现需求与资源的有效对接;在横向结构层面,开展跨部门跨专业合作行动,共同促进疫情的有效防控。这表明,未来中国公共卫生体系的建设发展需要将社会工作纳入制度体系,保障社会工作参与公共危机治理的专业身份;在实践中广泛开展跨专业合作,打造多学科干预的专业共同体;社会工作自身也要积极影响政策制定者对其专业能力的认知,进而推动公共卫生社会工作制度化发展。

The outbreak of the COVID-19 has brought major challenges to national public health governance and social stability,but it also provides an unprecedented opportunity for social work to intervene in public health emergencies.Based on the questionnaire survey data of 280 front-line social workers and the results of in-depth interviews with 5 social workers,this article constructed a"responsibility-action-structure"analysis framework to try to explore the role of social workers in this public health emergency.The study found that:driven by professional responsibility,social workers showed extraordinary emergency response and action ability out of professional consciousness;in terms of action,social workers use social networks to achieve effective docking of needs and resources;at the horizontal structure level,cross-departmental and cross-professional cooperative actions are carried out to jointly promote effective prevention and control of the epidemic.Studies have shown that the future construction and development of China’s public health system requires social work to be incorporated into the institutional system to ensure that social work participates in the professional status of public crisis management;extensive cross-professional cooperation is carried out in practice to create a professional community of multidisciplinary intervention;social work itself must also actively influence policy makers’perceptions of their professional capabilities,thereby promoting the institutionalized development of public health social work.