多主体视角下中小学校园欺凌现象分析

Study on the School Bullying Based on the Multi-participant Perspective

欺凌行为的发生并不是一个单一的过程,而是由欺凌者、受欺凌者以及旁观者的行为选择共同形成。文章立足校园欺凌主体,分别从宏观、中观和微观层面分析欺凌现象发生的原因。无论是欺凌者、受欺凌者还是旁观者都深受社会文化、家庭与学校环境的影响。同时,生活环境的不稳定、社会政策的不完善、个体性格的不成熟也加剧了欺凌者对他人实施暴力的倾向。而受欺凌者本身所展现出的"弱势特征"也是个体陷入校园欺凌的原因之一。同辈群体的影响与个人价值观念、生活经历以及共情能力的影响可能促使旁观者在面对欺凌现象时保持沉默,从而进一步纵容了校园欺凌的发生。

The occurrence of bullying is determined by the behavior selections of bullies,victims and bystanders.Based on the multi-participant perspective,this article analyzes the causes of school bullying from the macro,meso and micro levels.Whether bullies,victims or bystanders are deeply influenced by social culture,family and school environment.The instability of living environment,the imperfection of social policy and the immaturity of individual character aggravate the tendency of bullies to use violence against others.The weakness implicitly presented by victims is also one of the reasons why they are involved in campus bullying.The influence of peer groups,personal values,life experience and empathy ability may induce bystanders to keep silent in the face of bullying,which further connives at the occurrence of school bullying.