基于GIS技术的定远县水库的空间分布特征研究

Study on Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Dingyuan Reservoir Based on GIS Technology

安徽省定远县地处江淮分水岭地区,特殊的自然地理条件决定了该区域难以形成自然湖泊,因此水库作为蓄水的重要载体,在本地区的工农业生产以及城乡居民生活中都发挥着重要作用.本研究综合第一次全国水利普查成果的水库数据(数量、面积、总蓄水量)和定远县乡镇人口数据,基于GIS技术对定远县水库在乡镇和流域内的空间分布特征展开研究.结果表明:(1)从乡镇间水库的空间分布格局来看,定远县水资源的空间分布不均,中部的乡镇水库数量密度比较大,周边的乡镇水库数量密度较中部小,各乡镇的人均蓄水量存在较大差距,人均蓄水量少的乡镇可能会出现水资源供需矛盾;(2)在流域间水库的空间分布上,水库多分布在二、三级支流流域,同时,二、三级支流流域也是中型水库的主要集水区域.干流流域水库塘坝数量少且无大、中型水库分布,可能会存在一定的洪水旱涝灾害风险.

Dingyuan County in Anhui Province is located in the watershed area of the Huaihe River.Due to the special natural geographical conditions,it is difficult to form a natural lake in this area.Therefore,as an important carrier of water storage,reservoirs play an important role in the industrial and agricultural production as well as the life of urban and rural residents.This study combines the reservoir data(number,area,total water storage)from the first national water census and the population data of township in Dingyuan County,and investigates the spatial distribution characteristics of Dingyuan County reservoir in township and watershed based on GIS technology.The results of the study indicate that:(1)From the spatial distribution pattern of reservoirs among townships,the spatial distribution of water resources in Dingyuan County is uneven;the number of reservoirs in the central townships is relatively dense,the number of reservoirs in the surrounding townships is less dense than in the central part of the country,and there is a large difference in the per capita storage capacity of townships,and townships with low per capita storage capacity may have a contradiction in water supply and demand;(2)In terms of the spatial distribution of inter-basin reservoirs,reservoirs are mostly located in tributary basins of the second and third tributaries,which are also the main catchment areas of medium-sized reservoirs.The small number of reservoir dams and the lack of distribution of large and medium reservoirs in the mainstem basin may present a certain risk of floods and droughts.