意图是制定法解释的核心吗?——对交流意图论的批判性检视

交流意图论是一种关于制定法解释的意图主义理论。制定法内容由文义构成,文义的基础是言说者意义,而后者完全取决于立法主体的交流意图,因此,相关交流意图处在制定法解释的核心。然而,法律言说的现象学,表面上将字面意义而非交流意图作为制定法文义的基础,对交流意图论构成威胁。通过预设法律人听者,将字面意义等要素安置在交流意图的概念之内,这样优化后的交流意图论就可以解除相关威胁。由此,立法主体的交流意图始终是制定法解释的核心。

The Communicative Intent Theory is an intentionalist theory of statutory interpretation.Since the content of statutes is exhaustively constituted by the linguistic meaning of the enacted text,and that meaning is grounded in the speaker's meaning,which is entirely determined by the legislature's communicative intent,this intent lies at the heart of statutory interpretation.However,the phenomenology of legal utterance seems to place literal meaning,rather than communicative intent,at the core of statutory meaning,thus posing a challenge to the theory.By presupposing the legal audience in legislative communication and incorporating elements such as literal meaning into the concept of communicative intent,an optimized version of the Communicative Intent Theory can resolve this challenge.As a result,the legislature's communicative intent remains central to statutory interpretation.