农村集体经济组织成员身份确认制度的体系解释

《农村集体经济组织法》对成员身份确认的规定可以区分为初始确认、新增取得、自愿退出、法定丧失四方面规则。对成员身份的初始确认以“户籍关联+稳定权利义务关系+土地保障”为判断标准,成员身份初始确认程序应当是农村集体产权制度改革的特别程序。成员身份的新增事由包括生育、结婚、收养等亲缘关系和政策性移民。在因亲缘关系新增成员的情形下,需对亲缘关系事由进一步细分,在程序上遵循“当事人申请—成员大会确认”程序。在政策性移民情形下,国家需要对迁入地集体予以补偿。自愿退出成员身份者可以在一定期限内保留土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权、集体收益分配权、集体服务和福利分享权;成为非聘任制公务员而丧失成员身份者,还可以在一定期限内保留有限的民主管理权;对于加入其他集体而丧失原成员身份者,应当衔接保护其土地承包经营权和宅基地使用权,避免出现“两头空”和“两头占”。地方立法与集体章程可以依据成员定义条款对成员身份确认规则予以补充和细化,但不得违反《农村集体经济组织法》的精神和强制性规定。

The provisions of the Rural Collective Economic Organizations Act on the recognition of membership can be systematically interpreted as a four-pronged set of rules for initial recognition,new acquisition,voluntary withdrawal and legal loss.Initial confirmation of membership is based on the criteria of“household registration,stable rights and obligations,and land security”,and is carried out through the special procedures of the reform of the rural collective property rights system.The new reasons for membership addition include kinship relations such as childbirth,marriage,adoption and policy migration,and the operation follows the procedure from application by the parties to confirmation by the general meeting of members,with the rules on kinship relations needing to be further subdivided,and the rules on policy migration needing to be compensated by the state for the place of relocation to the collective.When a member voluntarily withdraws,he or she can retain,for a certain period of time,the right to land contract management,the right to use the residential base,the right to distribute collective income,and the right to share collective services and benefits;those who have lost their membership status because they have become non-appointed civil servants can also retain,for a certain period of time,the limited right to democratic management;when they have lost their membership status because they have joined other collectives,they should protect,in an integrated way,their right to land contract management and the right to use the residential base,so as to avoid“both ends being empty”and“both ends being occupied”.Local legislation and collective statutes may supplement and refine the rules on the confirmation of membership on the basis of the provisions of the definition of membership,but shall not violate the spirit and mandatory provisions of this law.