我国人工智能立法基本问题研究

我国人工智能立法需要解决立法目的、立法技术进路和主要利益关系等方面的基本问题。这一立法应以发展与安全并重为指导思想,以促进研发应用与防范主要风险为二元立法目的,构建具有体系性的发展促进制度,明确赋能增效的正面激励规则和提供减负支持;构建重点突出的风险防范制度,动态科学研判风险、包容审慎规制风险。立法在技术进路上,应以实现体系化立法为基本方向、以优化立法层次为当前主要目标;发挥显现国家法治发展能力的立法特色;适用以搭建框架型秩序为准的立法技术,增强立法的体系性和协调性。立法在主要利益关系方面,应坚持以人为本的基本立场,建立反歧视、权益保障、数字教育和数字信息获取等方面的规则;应建立与人工智能发展相适应的个人信息处理、知识产权保护等方面的协调规则;应建立并维护主体多元、利益分化、市场开放的人工智能竞争秩序;应在积极开展人工智能治理的国际合作、提升反制水平中,稳步推进人工智能涉外法治。

China's Artificial Intelligence(AI)legislation must address the basic issues of legislative purpose,legislative technical progress and major interest relationships.The legislation should take development and safety as the guiding ideology,promoting research,development and application and preventing major risks as the dual legislative purpose.The legislation should build a systematic development promotion system,clarify positive incentive rules for empowerment and efficiency,and provide support for burden reduction.It should also build a focused risk prevention system,which dynamically and scientifically researches and evaluates the risks,and prudently and inclusively regulates the risks.In the technical progress of legislation,the basic direction should be to achieve systematic legislation,with optimizing the legislative hierarchy as the main goal;to give full play to the legislative features that show the country's ability to develop the rule of law;and to apply legislative techniques based on the construction of a framework order,so as to enhance the systematic and coordinated of the legislation.In terms of major interest relationships,the legislation should adhere to the basic position of people-oriented,and establish rules on anti-discrimination,protection of rights,digital education and access to digital information,etc.;it should establish coordinated rules on the handling of personal information and the protection of intellectual property rights and so on that are compatible with the development of AI;it should establish and maintain the competitive order of AI in which the main bodies are pluralistic,the interests are differentiated,and the market is open;and it should steadily promote the rule of law relating to AI in foreign-related affairs while actively carrying out international cooperation in AI governance and improving the level of countermeasures.