数据知识产权的权利证成与规则展开

衍生数据产品具有非物质性、创新性、关系性、商业性的特点。依照霍菲尔德的权利理论,数据知识产权是指,权利人对合法取得的数据经过算法加工形成的具有商业价值及智力成果属性的衍生数据产品,依法享有的请求权、特权、权力和豁免权的总称。对衍生数据产品进行数据知识产权赋权具有劳动财产理论、功利主义理论和交易成本理论的价值基础,具有价值合理性、制度合法性和社会可行性。坚持权利谦抑理念,遵循“逻辑起点、逻辑目标和逻辑路径”的权利建构逻辑,对数据知识产权的保护范围、权利主体、权利内容及权利保护期限等权利要素进行纵向系统化设计,对数据知识产权多元主体之间的不同权利进行交叉重叠的横向微妙平衡设计。通过将数据知识产权结构性配置的耦合机制融入财产权体系,最终实现保护衍生数据产品权益与促进数字经济发展的双重价值目标。

The derivative data products have the characteristics of non-materiality,innovation,relationship,and commerciality.According to Hohfeld's theory of rights,data intellectual property rights refer to the general term of claim-right,privilege,power and immunity enjoyed by the rightholders on the legally obtained data,which is processed by algorithms to form derivative data products with commercial value and intellectual achievements.The intellectual property rights of derivative data products have many value foundations:such as labor property theory,utilitarianism and transaction cost theory,and the essential attributes of information and non-materiality of expressive forms enable them to be accepted and integrated with traditional intellectual property systems.The intellectual property rights of derivative data products have value-rationality,institutional legitimacy and social feasibility.We should adhere to the idea of restraining of data intellectual property rights,follow the logic of“logical starting point,logical goal and logical path”in the construction of rights,carry out vertical systematic design of the scope and period of protection,and the subject and content of rights,and carry out horizontal subtle balance of overlapping rights between multiple subjects.Through the coupling mechanism of the structural allocation of data intellectual property rights into the property rights system,the dual value goal of protecting the rights and interests of derivative data products and promoting the development of digital economy is finally realized.